Antibioterrorism strategies have changed markedly over the last 7 months. We now much better understand how to respond to Bacillus anthracis mailing exposures and how to treat patients with anthrax. Similar advances have been made in our preventive thinking regarding smallpox. While these strategies will continue to be reevaluated, this program will explore the important lessons learned, the latest developments in disease prevention, and future expectations regarding the prevention of anthrax and smallpox bioterrorism events.